Essay on Reverse Discrimination and Affirmative Action

Reverse Discrimination and Affirmative Action Discrimination in employment has been an issue that has plagued our society throughout history. At the turn of this century it was acceptable to advertise job openings and specifically state that people of a certain race, color, religion, gender, or national origin need not apply. A lot has changed over the last 100 years. The proverbial pendulum has swung in the direction of federal protection of certain people, but the problem now is that it has swung too far. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act states that it is unlawful for an employer to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his†¦show more content†¦In Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education, (476 U.S. 293)(1981) the Supreme Court took into account the harmful effects suffered by whites from government policies designed to serve the permissible purpose of redressing the continuing effects of past racial discrimination are constitutionally significant inequities that can be justified only by compelling state interests. (Chang 1) This case dealt with layoff procedures in a public school system during the height of affirmative action. An important aspect of this case was that there had been prior racial discrimination lawsuits litigated in 1976 and again in 1979, Jackson Education Assn. v. Board of Education (Jackson I and Jackson II, respectively). The Board of Education relied upon these cases as proof of past misconduct and racial discrimination in order to validate their current remedial attempts. Nonetheless, the court decided that ultimately, two wrongs do not make a right. The layoff policy was as such that tenured nonminority faculty members were being laid off while minority faculty members (some of whom were still classified in a probationary status) were retained in order to fulfill remedial requirements. The court found that this policy was in violation of the EqualShow MoreRelatedEssay on Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination1010 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination    When the Civil Rights Bill was being debated on the floor of the Senate, Barry Goldwater predicted that this particular bill might be abused. Herbert Humphrey, however, stated that he would eat every page of the bill if ever it were used to justify discrimination against anybody on account of race or sex. The bill eventually passed and became the Civil Rights Act. From college admissions to government contracts, the Civil Rights Act has been grosslyRead MoreAffirmative Action is NOT Reverse Discrimination Essay2079 Words   |  9 Pages Affirmative action is not the source of discrimination, but the vehicle for removing the effects of discrimination. The Labor Department report found less than 100 reverse discrimination cases among more than 3,000 discrimination opinions by the U.S. District Court and the Court of Appeal between 1990 and 1994. Discrimination was established in only six cases. The report found that, â€Å"Many of the cases were the result of a disappointed applicant†¦. erroneously assuming that when a woman or minorityRead MoreAffirmative Action to Reverse Discrimination Essay2454 Words   |  10 PagesAffirmative Action to Reverse Discrimination Question at Issue Affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. The tension of the 1960s civil rights movement had made it very clear, that the nations minority and female population were not receiving equal social and economic opportunity. The implementation of affirmative action was Americas first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chose to ignore. However, thereRead MoreAffirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination Essay example1814 Words   |  8 PagesAffirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination Even though slavery has not been a part of America for over a century now, racial discrimination still exists in various parts of our culture. A controversial policy known as affirmative action was introduced in the 1960s to try and promote racial equality in society. Affirmative action is supposed to give minorities an equal chance in life by requiring minority employment, promotions, college acceptance, etc. At first this sounds like a perfectRead MoreEssay about Affirmative Action is Not Reverse Discrimination1293 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative Action is Not Reverse Discrimination Affirmative Action is not meant to help blacks because of the color of their skin, but because they deserve compensation for past and continuing injustices. Opponents may criticize the wisdom of how this compensation is meted out, but they cannot question the principle of compensatory damages, which enjoys a long tradition in our society. To many opponents of affirmative action, a color-blind society should not discriminate at hiring timeRead MoreAffirmative Action vs Reverse Discrimination Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative Action or Reverse Discrimination Colleen Koehn Business Law 1038 Instructor Jackie Sexson March 1, 2010 South University Online There has been a large debate in recent years if affirmative action has gone against the American way, has affirmative action caused reverse discrimination? The establishment of affirmative action was put into place to create equal rights for racial minorities, ethnic minorities, women, the physically disabled and those who served in the militaryRead MoreExercise 3.4 : Reverse Discrimination Or Legal Affirmative Action?1945 Words   |  8 PagesExercise 3.4 - Reverse Discrimination or Legal Affirmative Action? FORM 3.4.1 1. What conditions are necessary in order for an organization to show preference for one group over another? As long as it is not sexual, racial or discrimination because of any disabilities which has no connection with the performance of the job, the organization can differentiate between different groups through job qualifications, skill sets education levels, interviews, , and many other conditions required by certainRead MoreBUSI 642 DB 1 Essay990 Words   |  4 Pages BUSI 642: Week 2 Discussion Board 1 Liberty University Discussion Board 1 In a world that is quick to state discrimination has taken place, there is a new discrimination emerging (i.e. reverse discrimination). Is this form of discrimination really discrimination? What diversity practices would you put in place to prevent any kind of discrimination? Generally speaking, discrimination is rooted in within the â€Å"cultural fabric of the United States† along the lines of â€Å"housing, employment, health,Read More Affirmative Action Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative Action is defined by Websters New World College Dictionary as a policy or program for correcting the effects of discrimination in the employment or education of members of certain groups. The phrase affirmative action was coined by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 when he issued Executive Order 10925, initiating the Presidents Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246. This order required federal contractors toRead MoreEssay on Affirmative Action Policies912 Words   |  4 PagesThe past few days the human resources department has been discussing the importance of implementing an affirmative action policy to assist in assuring that the company complies with equal employment opportu nity laws. The department has decided that the best action is to contact the members of the board of directors. The Federal Government has passed several laws to prevent employment discrimination, and not complying with these laws can cause serious consequences. The purpose of equal employment opportunity

Art †Vincent Van Gogh Free Essays

When she rejected him, van Gogh suffered a breakdown. He threw away all his books except for the Bible, and devoted his life to God. He became angry with people at work, telling customers not to buy the â€Å"worthless art. We will write a custom essay sample on Art – Vincent Van Gogh or any similar topic only for you Order Now † He was eventually fired. Between the time of the heartbreak/ breakdown and the fall of 1880, van Gogh taught at a Methodist boys’ school. He aspired to become a minister and after a year of diligently studying, he refused to take the exams in what he called Latin, the â€Å"dead language of poor people. † He was denied entrance. In the winter of 1878, the same thing happened again. Van Gogh volunteered to preach and minister to the sick in south of Belgium. The evangelical committees disagreed with van Sago’s lifestyle, which begun to take a tone of martyrdom. They refused to renew van Sago’s contract and he was forced to find another occupation (Vincent Van Gogh). In the fall of 1880, van Gogh decided to move to Brussels and become an artist. Although he had no formal training, his younger brother Thee offered to support van Gogh financially. At the academy, he met Nathan van Rapped, who was to be his most important artist friend during his Dutch period. The Climax of his life In April 1881, van Gogh moved in with his parent’s where he set himself the task of earning how to draw. He experimented endlessly with all sorts of drawing materials and concentrated on mastering the technical aspects of his craft like perspective, anatomy and physiognomy. Most of his subjects were taken from peasant life. After a couple encounters with different women, he moved in again with his parent’s, who were now living in Ennui. The Potato Eaters The paining consisted of 5 figures sitting around a square table eating potatoes. Four of them are females and one male. Although the piece is laced in darkness, the mixed emotions residing in the faces of the occupants shine out brightly. These fugues are so intense that one can nearly hear the conversation being spoken. Subtle aspects create the illusion that the building is an actual residence for the five figures. The portrayal of ordinary peasant life did not come in a burst of creativity. Van Gogh had this painting planned out in advance. Van Gogh had a sense of confidence that took him to advertising the painting before he even had it. Nevertheless, the Potato Eaters failed to become the painting he set his mind to. Today, however, the painting has reached great heights in the artistic community and is considered as one of his retreat masterpieces, as he had intended it to be (The van Gogh Gallery). In Ennui, van Gogh first began painting regularly, modeling himself chiefly on the French painter Jean-Franà §ois Millet, who was famous throughout Europe for his scenes of the harsh life of peasants. Van Gogh set to work with an iron will, depicting the lives of villagers and humble workers. In the end of 1884, he began painting and drawing a major series of heads and work-roughened peasant hands in preparation for a large and complex figure piece that he was planning. By April of 1885, this period of his life came to fruition in the masterpiece of his Dutch Period. In the summer of 1885, he made a large number of drawings of the peasants working in the fields. The supply of models dried up; however, when the local priest forbade his parishioners to pose for van Gogh. He thus turned to painting landscape, inspired in part by a visit to Risks museum in Amsterdam. This same year he enrolled at the academy in Antwerp. He found the lessons rather tedious but was impressed by the city and its museums. He fell under the spell of Rueben’ palette and brushwork and also discovered Japanese prints. In early 1886, van Gogh went to live with his brother in Paris. There he was finally confronted with the full impact of modern art, especially with the recent work of the impressionists and vivisectionists. He discovered that the dark palette he had developed in Holland was out of date. In order to brighten up he began painting still lives of flowers. The search of his own idiom led him to experiment with impressionist and postmodernists techniques. He also studied the prints of Japanese master. During this time, he made friends with fellow artists such as Paul Gauguin, Emilee Bernard, Paul Signal, and Georges Serrate. Within two years van Gogh name to terms with his latest development and had forged his own highly personal style. In the early 1888, van Gogh was now a mature artist, who went south to Arles, in Provence. There was where he at last began to feel confident about his choice of career. He set out to make a personal contribution to modern art with his daring color combinations. He was swept away by the landscape around Arles. In the spring he painted numerous scenes of fruit trees in full blossom. In the summer he painted the yellow wheat fields. Although he had difficulty finding models, he did make portraits, among which were those in the Rolling family. It was typical of van Sago’s faith in his own abilities that he decided not to try to sell any work yet but to wait until he had thirty top-class pictures with which he could announce himself to the world. He enjoyed the thought that a number of other artists would come and Join him in Arles, where they could all live and work together. The idea seemed to get off to a promising star when Gauguin arrived in October of 1888 (Vincent Van Gogh [1853-1890]). The End Although towards the end of 1888, his optimism was rudely shattered by the first signs of his illness, a type of epilepsy that took the form of delusions and psychotic attacks. It was during one of those seizures that he cut off his left earlobe. Gauguin made hasty departure and van Sago’s dreams of an artist’s colony disappeared. In April of 1889 he entered himself in the Saint-Paul-De-Mausoleum asylum as a voluntary patient. Van Gogh was unable to work when he suffered episodes of his illness, if he felt well enough, he went out to draw and paint in the garden or surroundings of the asylum. His use of color, which was once intense, became mute. He tried to make his brushwork more graphic. By the closing months of the year, he successfully had two f his paintings shown at the fifth exhibition of Society des artistes independents. Van Gogh made a large number of â€Å"transitions in color† of prints by some of his favorite artists, like Millet and Eugene Delicacies. He found them consoling. They helped him keep in practice (Van Gogh: His Life and Art). Starry Night One of van Sago’s most well-known paintings is Starry Night. The features within the painting are responsible for its growing popularity. There are actually several main aspects that intrigue those that view the image. The sky is filled with swirling clouds, stars ablaze with their own luminescence and a bright crescent moon. Although the features are exaggerated, it is view most individuals are comfortable with. This painting was painted while in an Asylum at Saint-Remy in 1889 (The van Gogh Gallery). In January of 1890, although he now had a small but growing group of admirers, van Gogh had lost his original passion. He wrote to his brother: â€Å"l feel – a failure. That’s it as far as I am concerned- I feel that this is the destiny that I accept, that will never change. † He nevertheless continued working hard during his two months in Avers-sure-Jose, producing dozens of paintings and drawings. Life had become an intolerable burden. At Eternity’s Gate At Eternity’s Gate also known as Sorrowing Old Man is an oil painting that he made in 1890 in Saint-Remy. The painting was completed in early May at a time when he was convalescing from a severe relapse in health and two or so months before his death. The work depicts an aged man seated with his head held in his hands, experiencing extreme sorrow and regret at the moment of his passing. Although this was Just once a drawing from 1882, it was until he was at Saint- Remy that he painted this work. It reflects the emotions van Gogh must have been feeling as his mental state deteriorated (The van Gogh Gallery). On July 27, 1890, he hot himself in the chest. He died two days later. Thee, who had stored the bulk of Vincent work in Paris, died six months later. Theses widow, Johanna van Gogh- Bonged returned to Holland with the collection and dedicated herself to getting her brother in law the recognition he deserved. In 1914, with his fame assured, she published the correspondence between the two brothers. Today, van Gogh is considered the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt. Unfortunately, van Gogh was not around to witness the greatness his works became. He contributed so much to the artistic community with his use of nature and painting figures the way he arrayed them. How to cite Art – Vincent Van Gogh, Papers

Shoe-Horn Sonata Essay Example

Shoe-Horn Sonata Essay An individual’s perception of the world is unique, conflicted by emotions and heavily influenced by their surroundings, thus giving individuals a distinct interpretation of how distinctive experiences convey meaning. The play â€Å"the Shoehorn Sonata† composed by John Misto in which he explores distinctive experiences highlighting themes and memories, evidently both characters Bridie and Sheila overcame themes of adversity, captivity, human rights and ultimately friendship through embracing their experiences. Misto’s main focus was to bring forth awareness for the nurses through distinctive experiences. John Misto cleverly instigates aspects of lack of freedom via bringing forth past experiences involved in shaping the character’s state of mind. Moreover Misto explores the theme captivity and notions of lack of human rights through Bridie’s traumatic war experiences, â€Å"Filthy pits-dug out in the open. We weren’t allowed privacy†, a basic human right stripped away by the Japanese in which Misto used the pits-dug out to symbolise lack of freedom. Furthermore Bridie’s past experiences introduced via anecdotes evoked past emotions of hatred and fear amongst the Japanese when situated near them, â€Å"Bus load of Japanese tourists†¦ surrounded me, my heart began to pound in terror†, Bridie’s past experiences manipulated her state of mind, this is evident in Bridie’s perception of harmless Japanese tourists. More so Misto’s utilisation of hyperbole, â€Å"pound in terror† while facing the audience, Bridie broke the fourth wall as a result it displayed Bridie’s fragile condition allowing the audience to sympathise for Bridie. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoe-Horn Sonata specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shoe-Horn Sonata specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shoe-Horn Sonata specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This notion further reinforced by the incorporation of juxtaposition contrasting past experiences within the camp to her response while surrounded by harmless Japanese tourists 50 years later. Additionally, Misto’s purpose was to bring light to the lack of awareness of the nurses to ensure they received recognition for the events they’ve endured. Throughout the play Misto’s input of projections of war atrocities reinforce Bridie and Sheila’s anecdotes of pain and hardship. In addition this not only reinforces the distinctively visual that are being perceived through the dialogue but as well concrete images Misto utilises in conjunction to the abstract stories to reflect the period Bridie and Sheila was in the camp. In particular Misto’s application of symbolism in scenes 13 creates emphasis on the diaries; â€Å"those diaries were our only hope†. A piece of history that re-tell the events which occurred during WWII in the Japanese camps were burned by British, Misto ideally wanted this scene to be acknowledged by audience in order for them to understand Sheila’s perspective. It was apparent the British did not want the events that impacted the women’s lives to be known, as they would be considered a shame to the empire. Furthermore it is transparent that the British’s response to burn the diaries affected Sheila’s decision to stay in Perth instead of moving back to her homeland, this notion of staying in Australia is strongly juxtaposed as Sheila is patriotic â€Å"one never stops being British. Nor does one not want to. †

A Brief History of Writing

A Brief History of Writing The history of writing instruments, which humans have used to record and convey  thoughts, feelings and grocery lists is, in some ways, the history of civilization itself. It is through the drawings, signs, and words weve recorded that weve come to understand the story of our species.   Some of the first tools used by early humans were the hunting club and the handy sharpened-stone. The latter, initially used as an all-purpose skinning and killing tool, was later adapted into the first writing instrument. Cavemen scratched pictures with the sharpened-stone tool onto the walls of  cave dwellings. These drawings represented events in daily life such as the planting of crops or hunting victories. With time, the record-keepers developed systematized symbols from their drawings. These symbols represented words and sentences, but were easier and faster to draw. Over time, these symbols became shared and universalized among small, groups and later, across different groups and tribes as well. It was the discovery of clay that made portable records possible. Early merchants used clay tokens with pictographs to record the quantities of materials traded or shipped. These tokens date back to about 8500 B.C. With the high volume of and the repetition inherent in record keeping, pictographs evolved and slowly lost their detail. They became abstract-figures representing sounds in spoken communication. Around 400 B.C., the Greek alphabet was developed and began to replace pictographs as the most commonly-used form of visual communication. Greek was the first script written from left to right. From Greek followed the Byzantine and then the Roman writings. In the beginning, all writing systems had only uppercase letters, but when the writing instruments were refined enough for detailed faces, lowercase was used as well (around 600 A.D.) The Greeks employed a writing stylus made of metal, bone or ivory to place marks upon wax-coated tablets. The tablets were made in hinged pairs and closed to protect the scribes notes. The first examples of handwriting also originated in Greece and it was the Grecian scholar Cadmus who invented the written alphabet. Across the globe, writing was developing beyond chiseling pictures into stone or wedging pictographs into wet clay. The Chinese invented and perfected Indian Ink. Originally designed for blacking the surfaces of raised stone-carved hieroglyphics, the ink was a mixture of soot from pine smoke and lamp oil mixed with the gelatin of donkey skin and musk. By 1200 B.C., the ink invented by the Chinese philosopher, Tien-Lcheu (2697 B.C.), became common. Other cultures developed inks using the natural dyes and colors derived from berries, plants and minerals. In early writings, different colored inks had ritual meaning attached to each color. The invention of ink  paralleled that of of paper. The early Egyptians, Romans, Greeks and Hebrews used papyrus and parchment papers began using parchment paper around 2000 B.C., when the earliest piece of writing on Papyrus known to us today, the Egyptian Prisse Papyrus was created.   The Romans created a reed-pen perfect for parchment and ink from the hollow tubular-stems of marsh grasses, especially from the jointed bamboo plant. They converted bamboo stems into a primitive form of fountain pen and cut one end into the form of a pen nib or point. A writing fluid or ink filled the stem and squeezing the reed forced fluid to the nib. By the year 400, a stable form of ink developed, a composite of iron-salts, nutgalls and gum. This became the basic formula for centuries. Its color when first applied to paper was a bluish-black, rapidly turning into a darker black before fading to the familiar dull brown color commonly seen in old documents. Wood-fiber paper was invented in China in the year 105 but was not widely used throughout Europe until paper mills were built in the late 14th century. The writing instrument that dominated for the longest period in history (over one-thousand years) was the quill pen. Introduced around the year 700, the quill is a pen made from a bird feather. The strongest quills were those taken from living birds in the spring from the five outer left wing feathers. The left wing was favored because the feathers curved outward and away when used by a right-handed writer. Quill pens lasted for only a week before it was necessary to replace them. There were other disadvantages associated with their use, including a lengthy preparation time. Early European writing parchments made from animal skins required careful scraping and cleaning. To sharpen the quill, the writer needed a special knife.  Ã‚  Beneath the writers high-top desk was a coal stove, used to dry the ink as quickly as possible. Plant-fiber paper became the primary medium for writing after another dramatic invention took place. In 1436,  Johannes Gutenberg  invented the printing press with replaceable wooden or metal letters. Later, newer printing technologies were developed based on Gutenbergs printing machine, such as offset printing. The ability to mass-produce writing in this way revolutionized the way  humans communicate. As much as any other invention since the sharpened-stone, Gutenbergs printing press set forth a new era of human history.

Idioms and Expressions - Come

Idioms and Expressions - Come The following idioms and expressions use the verb come. Each idiom or expression has a definition and two example sentences to help understanding of these common idiomatic expressions with come. You can also learn idioms in context with these stories, or learn further expressions with these idiom resources on the site.   Come apart at the seams completely lose emotional control Theres no need to come apart at the seams. Things will get better.On hearing of the death of his friend, Peter came apart at the seams. Come away empty-handed return from a meeting, situation or other event without any gain We came away empty-handed from the negotiations.The competition was so intense that our company came away empty-handed. Come by something travel by means of some vehicle We came by train.Did you come by plane or by car? Come down in the world lose financial or social prestige and position Im afraid Tom has come down in the world. Lifes been pretty hard for him lately.I think youre taking too much risk. You might come down in the world. Come full circle return to an original state At first life was very difficult for Jane. However, things eventually came full circle and she returned to power.Looks like things have come full circle! How does it feel? Come in out of the rain start paying attention to a situation If he doesnt come in out of the rain, things will get out of control.Alex, come in out of the rain! Open your eyes to what is happening! Come into ones own begin having success and satisfaction in life Since he was appointed to vice-president, hes really come into his own.Keep working hard. One day youll come into your own. Come of age reach maturity required to do something such as marry, drink, vote, etc. You can have a beer once you come of age.When this generation comes of age, theyll be more ecologically alert. Come out ahead to be in a position of profit, or advantage after an event It was difficult, but in the end we came out ahead.Yes, higher education is expensive. However, in the end, youll come out ahead. Come to a bad end end in disaster Im afraid Jack has come to a bad end.If you dont change your behavior, youll come to a bad end. Come to a dead end arrive at an impasse in a situation, not be able to move forward Well have to rethink everything. Weve come to absolute dead end.They changed strategies once they came to a dead end. Come to a head reach a point of crisis when action is called for Things are coming to a head, we have to make a decision.I think everything will come to a head next month. Come to an untimely end die before your time His crazy driving brought him to an untimely end.She came to an untimely end last year. Come to a standstill not able to make any progress forward Can you help me? Ive come to a standstill on this project.We came to a standstill and had to rethink everything. Come to grips with something deal with something difficult Ill have to come to grips with this problem if I want to succeed.I think you first need to come to grips with his complaints before you move forward. Come to light become known A number of facts have come to light which change everything.A new solution has come to light. Come to ones senses begin thinking clearly about a situation Alan, come to your senses! Its not going to happen.She finally came to her senses and left her husband. Come to pass to occur Everything I had predicted came to pass.The prophecy has come to pass. Come true Become real Hard work and patience can help make your dreams come true.Did his plans come true?

How can we blame fast food for obesity When it is individual Research Paper

How can we blame fast food for obesity When it is individual responsibility - Research Paper Example Obesity has the cause of many problems that deal with the heart and blood circulation. The results of the same issue are because of personal choice. Many awareness campaigns have been run across the societies on the impacts or advantages of certain foods yet people indulge in foods that lead to accumulation of fats and obesity. Obesity can be through by different factors like; economic factors, social factors and personal factors. Economically, the cost of fast foods is lower as compared to the cost of healthier foods. Socially, many people are lazier, and they hope for the rapid foods instead of food that take longer to cook. In personal perception, an individual should be core owner of his/ her health and must be discipline and choose the right food for a healthier body not only choosing what tastes sweet. As a matter of concern, obesity has been on the rise, especially in the low-class households in the country. These families live in the suburbs where getting fresh fruits or vegetables is outdated, or if they happen to come by, they are sold at a very high cost. It has forced these people depend on fast foods at a larger ratio since they are cheap and easily found around. In addition, parents who work extra hours tend to feed their children on the fast foods as they reach home exhausted and have no tim e to prepare healthy meals (Scholar). Availability of unhealthy foods in the supermarkets and fast food industries is evident due to increased cases of increased waistlines, weight gain and obesity. Making the blame on the food production faithful, because it makes its products cheap and readily available (Steven). Also advertise their products in almost all corners of the media, be it audio or in video. The blame has not stopped the fast food industry from their line of duty because they said that they supply what their clients demand, and they believe that your health your responsibility. No one forces you to

ERP and Electronic Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ERP and Electronic Commerce - Essay Example In the past, business entities concentrated more on fetching benefits through supply of standardized products to a stable and wide consumer markets. The role technology involved here was to optimize the well defined, discretely functioning areas within the enterprise. This was limited to the development and maintenance of individual software aimed at automating certain business activities. However the expansion of the realms of business made entities to indulge in varied range of activities. The scope of ecommerce in fact widened the variety in the business activities Curran A, T. Ladd A (2006, p.17-18). With reference to these developments, for the companies to respond better to the market demands, they have to adopt a business process orientation and a global supply chain perspective. The essential prerequisite for the optimization of varied activities involved in modern business scenarios like e-commerce is the integration of information system. This would allow the clear cut exploration of the possible value additions within the company and would aid the design of business process that would minimize cost and maximize the profits. However this process of integration of the multitude of business activities involved a number of challenges. These challenges made the business engineers think of the possibility of a single database clustering the data from different departments within itself and providing a tailor made query system. This resulted in the development of Enterprise Resource Planning systems and it gradually evolved and expanded to serve as a single window solution for business data and process management. It served as a single interface for data entry for people involved in the company, despite the variation in department or geographic position. The da ta entry was to be made only once making the whole